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		<title>What is Linked List in Data Structure with example ?</title>
		<link>https://www.wikitechy.com/interview-questions/data-structure/what-is-linked-list-in-data-structure-with-example/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 13 Jul 2021 15:28:48 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[Answer : A linked list is a sequence of data structures, which are connected...]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="TextHeading">
<div class="hddn">
<h2 id="what-is-linked-list-in-data-structure-with-example" class="color-pink" style="text-align: justify;">What is Linked List in Data Structure with example ?</h2>
</div>
</div>
<div class="Content">
<div class="hddn">
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>A linked list is a sequence of <a href="https://www.wikitechy.com/interview-questions/data-structure/what-is-data-structure/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">data structures</a>, which are connected together through links.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.wikitechy.com/tutorials/java/java-linked-list" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Linked List</a> is a sequence of links which contains objects. Each link contains a connection to another link. Linked list is the second most-used data structure after array.
<ul>
<li><b>Link − </b>Each link of a linked list can store a data called an element.</li>
<li><b>Next − </b>Each link of a linked list contains a link to the next link called Next.</li>
<li><b>LinkedList −</b> A Linked List contains the connection link to the first link called First.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="Content" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="hddn">
<ul>
<li>A linked list consists of nodes where each node contains a data field and a reference(link) to the next node in the list.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ImageContent">
<div class="hddn"><img decoding="async" class="img-responsive center-block aligncenter" src="https://cdn.wikitechy.com/interview-questions/data-structure/linked-list-in-data-structure.png" alt="Linked List in Data Structure" /></div>
<div>
<div class="TextHeading" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="hddn">
<h2 id="types-of-linked-lists" class="color-purple">Types of Linked Lists</h2>
</div>
</div>
<div class="Content" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="hddn">
<ul>
<li>Singly linked list</li>
<li>Doubly linked list</li>
<li>Circular linked list</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="subheading" style="text-align: justify;">
<h2 id="singly-linked-list">Singly linked list</h2>
</div>
<div class="Content" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="hddn">
<ul>
<li>A <a href="https://www.wikitechy.com/technology/python-programming-select-random-node-singly-linked-list/">singly linked list</a> is Item navigation is forward only.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ImageContent" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="hddn"><img decoding="async" class="img-responsive center-block aligncenter" src="https://cdn.wikitechy.com/interview-questions/data-structure/singly-linked-list.png" alt="Singly Linked List" /></div>
</div>
<div class="subheading" style="text-align: justify;">
<h2 id="doubly-linked-list">Doubly linked list</h2>
</div>
<div class="Content" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="hddn">
<ul>
<li>A doubly linked list is a list that has two references, one to the next node and another to previous node.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ImageContent">
<div class="hddn"><img decoding="async" class="img-responsive center-block aligncenter" src="https://cdn.wikitechy.com/interview-questions/data-structure/doubly-linked-list.gif" alt="Doubly linked list" /></div>
<div>
<div class="subheading" style="text-align: justify;">
<h2 id="circular-linked-list">Circular linked list</h2>
</div>
<div class="Content" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="hddn">
<ul>
<li>Another important type of a linked list is called a <a href="https://www.wikitechy.com/technology/circular-linked-list-introduction-applications/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">circular linked list</a> where last node of the list points back to the first node (or the head) of the list.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ImageContent" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="hddn"><img decoding="async" class="img-responsive center-block aligncenter" src="https://cdn.wikitechy.com/interview-questions/data-structure/circular-linked-list.jpg" alt="Circular linked list" /></div>
</div>
<div class="subheading" style="text-align: justify;">
<h2 id="doubly-circular-linked-list">Doubly Circular linked list</h2>
</div>
<div class="Content" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="hddn">
<ul>
<li>Circular doubly linked list is a type of data structure in which a node contain pointers to its previous node as well as the next node.</li>
<li>Circular doubly linked list doesn&#8217;t contain NULL in any of the node.</li>
<li>The last node contains the address of the first node of the list. The first node also contain address of the last node in its previous pointer.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ImageContent">
<div class="hddn"><img decoding="async" class="img-responsive center-block aligncenter" src="https://cdn.wikitechy.com/interview-questions/data-structure/doubly-circular-linked-list.jpg" alt="Doubly Circular linked list" /></div>
<div>
<h2 id="sample-code" class="color-purple" style="text-align: justify;">Sample Code:</h2>
<div class="code-embed-wrapper"> <div class="code-embed-infos"> </div> <pre class="language-javascript code-embed-pre line-numbers"  data-start="1" data-line-offset="0"><code class="language-javascript code-embed-code">#include&lt;stdio.h&gt;<br/>#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;<br/>int main()<br/>{<br/>   struct node<br/>   {<br/>      int num;<br/>      struct node *ptr;<br/>   };<br/>   typedef struct node NODE;<br/>   NODE *head, *first, *temp=0;<br/>   int count = 0;<br/>   int choice = 1;<br/>   first = 0;<br/>   while(choice)<br/>   {<br/>      head =(NODE*) malloc(sizeof(NODE));<br/>      printf(&quot;Enter the data item: &quot;);<br/>      scanf(&quot;%d&quot;, &amp;head-&gt; num);<br/>      if(first != 0)<br/>      {<br/>         temp-&gt;ptr = head;temp = head;<br/>      }<br/>      else<br/>      {<br/>         first = temp = head;<br/>      }<br/>      fflush(stdin);<br/>      printf(&quot;Do you want to continue(Type 0 or 1)?\n\n&quot;);<br/>      scanf(&quot;%d&quot;, &amp;choice);<br/>   }<br/>   temp-&gt;ptr = 0;<br/>   temp = first; /* reset temp to the beginning*/<br/>   printf(&quot;\n Status of the linked list is\n&quot;);<br/>   while(temp!=0)<br/>   {<br/>      printf(&quot;%d=&gt;&quot;, temp-&gt;num);<br/>      count++;<br/>      temp = temp -&gt; ptr;<br/>   }<br/>   printf(&quot;NULL\n&quot;);<br/>   printf(&quot;No. of nodes in the list = %d\n&quot;, count);<br/>   return 0;<br/>}</code></pre> </div>
<h2 id="output" class="color-purple" style="text-align: justify;">Output:</h2>
<div class="code-embed-wrapper"> <div class="code-embed-infos"> </div> <pre class="language-markdown code-embed-pre line-numbers"  data-start="1" data-line-offset="0"><code class="language-markdown code-embed-code">Enter the data item: 10<br/>Do you want to continue &lt;Type 0 or 1&gt;?<br/>1<br/>Enter the data item: 20<br/>Do you want to continue&lt;Type 0 or 1&gt;?<br/>1<br/>Enter the data item: 30<br/>Do you want to continue&lt;Type 0 or 1&gt;?<br/>0<br/>Status of the Linked List is<br/>10=&gt;20=&gt;30=&gt;NULL<br/>No.of nodes in the list = 3</code></pre> </div>
<div class="TextHeading" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="hddn">
<h2 id="advantages-of-linked-list" class="color-purple">Advantages of Linked List</h2>
</div>
</div>
<div class="Content" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="hddn">
<ul>
<li>Linked list is dynamic in nature which allocates the memory when required.</li>
<li>In linked list, stack and queue can be easily executed.</li>
<li>It reduces the access time.</li>
<li>Insert and delete operation can be easily implemented in linked list.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="TextHeading" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="hddn">
<h2 id="disadvantages-of-linked-list" class="color-purple">Disadvantages of Linked List</h2>
</div>
</div>
<div class="Content">
<div class="hddn">
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Reverse traversing is difficult in linked list.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Linked list has to access each node sequentially; no element can be accessed randomly.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">In linked list, the memory is wasted as pointer requires extra memory for storage.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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		<title>Write a function to Delete a node from Doubly Linked List ?</title>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 13 Jul 2021 14:56:24 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[Answer : In a single linked list, every node has link to its next node in the sequence...]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="TextHeading">
<div class="hddn">
<h2 id="write-a-function-to-delete-a-node-from-doubly-linked-list" class="color-pink" style="text-align: justify;">Write a function to Delete a node from Doubly Linked List ?</h2>
</div>
</div>
<div class="Content" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="hddn">
<ul>
<li>In a <a href="https://www.wikitechy.com/technology/insertion-sort-singly-linked-list/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">single linked list</a>, every node has link to its next node in the sequence.</li>
<li>So, we can traverse from one node to another node only in one direction and we cannot traverse back. We can solve this kind of problem by using <a href="https://www.wikitechy.com/technology/quicksort-doubly-linked-list-3/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">double linked list</a>.</li>
<li>Double linked list is a sequence of elements in which every element has links to its previous element and next element in the sequence.</li>
<li>In double linked list, every node has link to its previous node and next node. So, we can <a href="https://www.wikitechy.com/technology/java-program-inorder-tree-traversal-without-recursion/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">traverse</a> forward by using next field and can traverse backward by using previous field.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ImageContent">
<div class="hddn"><img decoding="async" class="img-responsive center-block aligncenter" src="https://cdn.wikitechy.com/interview-questions/data-structure/delete-a-node-from-doubly-linked-list.png" alt=" Delete a node Doubly Linked List" /></div>
<div>
<h2 id="algorithm" class="color-green" style="text-align: justify;">Algorithm</h2>
<div class="code-embed-wrapper"> <div class="code-embed-infos"> </div> <pre class="language-markdown code-embed-pre line-numbers"  data-start="1" data-line-offset="0"><code class="language-markdown code-embed-code">Algorithm to delete node from any position<br/>Input :<br/> head <br/> {<br/>   Pointer to the first node of the list<br/> }<br/>last <br/> {<br/>   Pointer to the last node of the list<br/> }<br/>N <br/> {<br/>  Position to be deleted from list<br/> }<br/>Begin :<br/>    current ← head;<br/>    For i ← 1 to N and current != NULL do<br/>        current ← current.next;<br/>    End for<br/>    If (N == 1) then<br/>        deleteFromBeginning()<br/>    End if<br/>    Else if (current == last) then <br/>        deleteFromEnd()<br/>    End if<br/>    Else if (current != NULL) then<br/>        current.prev.next ← current.next<br/>        If (current.next != NULL) then<br/>            current.next.prev ← current.prev;<br/>        End if<br/>        unalloc (current)<br/>        write (&#039;Node deleted successfully from &#039;, N, &#039; position&#039;)<br/>    End if<br/>    Else then<br/>        write (&#039;Invalid position&#039;)<br/>    End if<br/>End</code></pre> </div>
<h2 id="sample-code-in-c" class="color-blue" style="text-align: justify;">Sample Code in C++</h2>
<div class="code-embed-wrapper"> <div class="code-embed-infos"> </div> <pre class="language-markdown code-embed-pre line-numbers"  data-start="1" data-line-offset="0"><code class="language-markdown code-embed-code">#include &lt;bits/stdc++.h&gt; <br/>  <br/>using namespace std; <br/>  <br/>struct Node { <br/>    int data; <br/>    struct Node* next; <br/>    struct Node* prev; <br/>}; <br/>  <br/>/* Function to delete a node in a Doubly Linked List. <br/>   head_ref --&gt; pointer to head node pointer. <br/>   del  --&gt;  pointer to node to be deleted. */<br/>void deleteNode(struct Node** head_ref, struct Node* del) <br/>{ <br/>   <br/>    if (*head_ref == NULL || del == NULL) <br/>        return; <br/>  <br/>    /* If node to be deleted is head node */<br/>    if (*head_ref == del) <br/>        *head_ref = del-&gt;next; <br/>  <br/>    /* Change next only if node to be deleted is NOT  <br/>       the last node */<br/>    if (del-&gt;next != NULL) <br/>        del-&gt;next-&gt;prev = del-&gt;prev; <br/>  <br/>    /* Change prev only if node to be deleted is NOT  <br/>       the first node */<br/>    if (del-&gt;prev != NULL) <br/>        del-&gt;prev-&gt;next = del-&gt;next; <br/>  <br/>    /* Finally, free the memory occupied by del*/<br/>    free(del); <br/>} <br/>  <br/>/* Function to delete the node at the given position <br/>   in the doubly linked list */<br/>void deleteNodeAtGivenPos(struct Node** head_ref, int n) <br/>{ <br/>    /* if list in NULL or invalid position is given */<br/>    if (*head_ref == NULL || n &lt;= 0) <br/>        return; <br/>  <br/>    struct Node* current = *head_ref; <br/>    int i; <br/>  <br/>    /* traverse up to the node at position &#039;n&#039; from <br/>       the beginning */<br/>    for (int i = 1; current != NULL &amp;&amp; i &lt; n; i++) <br/>        current = current-&gt;next; <br/>  <br/>    /* if &#039;n&#039; is greater than the number of nodes <br/>       in the doubly linked list */<br/>    if (current == NULL) <br/>        return; <br/>  <br/>    /* delete the node pointed to by &#039;current&#039; */<br/>    deleteNode(head_ref, current); <br/>} <br/>  <br/>/* Function to insert a node at the beginning  <br/>   of the Doubly Linked List */<br/>void push(struct Node** head_ref, int new_data) <br/>{ <br/>    /* allocate node */<br/>    struct Node* new_node =  <br/>         (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); <br/>  <br/>    /* put in the data  */<br/>    new_node-&gt;data = new_data; <br/>  <br/>    /* since we are adding at the beginning, <br/>    prev is always NULL */<br/>    new_node-&gt;prev = NULL; <br/>  <br/>    /* link the old list off the new node */<br/>    new_node-&gt;next = (*head_ref); <br/>  <br/>    /* change prev of head node to new node */<br/>    if ((*head_ref) != NULL) <br/>        (*head_ref)-&gt;prev = new_node; <br/>  <br/>    /* move the head to point to the new node */<br/>    (*head_ref) = new_node; <br/>} <br/>  <br/>/* Function to print nodes in a given doubly <br/>   linked list */<br/>void printList(struct Node* head) <br/>{ <br/>    while (head != NULL) { <br/>        cout &lt;&lt; head-&gt;data &lt;&lt; &quot; &quot;; <br/>        head = head-&gt;next; <br/>    } <br/>} <br/>  <br/>/* Driver program to test above functions*/<br/>int main() <br/>{ <br/>    /* Start with the empty list */<br/>    struct Node* head = NULL; <br/>  <br/>    /* Create the doubly linked list 10&lt;-&gt;8&lt;-&gt;4&lt;-&gt;2&lt;-&gt;5 */<br/>    push(&amp;head, 5); <br/>    push(&amp;head, 2); <br/>    push(&amp;head, 4); <br/>    push(&amp;head, 8); <br/>    push(&amp;head, 10); <br/>  <br/>    cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Doubly linked list before deletion:n&quot;; <br/>    printList(head); <br/>  <br/>    int n = 2; <br/>  <br/>    /* delete node at the given position &#039;n&#039; */<br/>    deleteNodeAtGivenPos(&amp;head, n); <br/>  <br/>    cout &lt;&lt; &quot;\nDoubly linked list after deletion:n&quot;; <br/>    printList(head); <br/>  <br/>    return 0; <br/>} </code></pre> </div>
<h2 id="output" class="color-purple" style="text-align: justify;">Output</h2>
<div class="code-embed-wrapper"> <div class="code-embed-infos"> </div> <pre class="language-markdown code-embed-pre line-numbers"  data-start="1" data-line-offset="0"><code class="language-markdown code-embed-code">Doubly linked list before deletion:<br/>10 8 4 2 5<br/>Doubly linked list after deletion:<br/>10 4 2 5</code></pre> </div>
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<h2 id="time-complexity" class="color-green">Time Complexity</h2>
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<li style="text-align: justify;">O(n), in worst case where n is the number of nodes in the doubly linked list.</li>
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