{"id":792,"date":"2021-07-17T20:29:37","date_gmt":"2021-07-17T20:29:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/?p=792"},"modified":"2022-06-14T09:48:13","modified_gmt":"2022-06-14T09:48:13","slug":"what-is-tcp-ip-reference-model","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/networking\/what-is-tcp-ip-reference-model\/","title":{"rendered":"What is TCP\/IP reference model ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"TextHeading\">\n<div class=\"hddn\">\n<h2 id=\"what-is-tcp-ip-reference-model\" class=\"color-pink\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">What is TCP\/IP reference model ?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Content\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"hddn\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/castr.io\/blog\/udp-vs-tcp-what-is-the-difference-between-tcp-and-udp\/\">UDP vs TCP<\/a> \u2013 TCP\/IP means Transmission Control <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/final-year-project\/dotnet\/server-hacking\/what-is-protocol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Protocol<\/a>\u00a0and Internet Protocol. It is the network model used in the current Internet architecture as well.<\/li>\n<li>Protocols are set of rules which govern every possible communication over a network.<\/li>\n<li>These protocols describe the movement of data between the source and destination or the internet. They also offer simple naming and addressing schemes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ImageContent\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"hddn\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4294 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tcp-ip-model.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1474\" height=\"1461\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tcp-ip-model.png 1474w, https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tcp-ip-model-300x297.png 300w, https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tcp-ip-model-1024x1015.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tcp-ip-model-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tcp-ip-model-768x761.png 768w, https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tcp-ip-model-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tcp-ip-model-390x387.png 390w, https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tcp-ip-model-820x813.png 820w, https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tcp-ip-model-1180x1170.png 1180w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1474px) 100vw, 1474px\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"TextHeading\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"hddn\">\n<h2 id=\"features-of-tcp-ip-reference-model\" class=\"color-purple\">Features of TCP\/IP reference model<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Content\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"hddn\">\n<ul>\n<li>Support for a flexible architecture. Adding more machines to a network was easy.<\/li>\n<li>The network was robust, and connections remained intact until the source and destination machines were functioning.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ImageContent\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"hddn\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive center-block aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/networking\/what-is-tcp-ip-reference-model.png\" alt=\" \" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\">Protocol and networks in the TCP\/IP model<\/p>\n<div class=\"TextHeading\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"hddn\">\n<h2 id=\"different-layers-of-tcp-ip-reference-model\" class=\"color-purple\">Different Layers of TCP\/IP Reference Model<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4295\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tcp-ip-reference-model.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"874\" height=\"698\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tcp-ip-reference-model.png 874w, https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tcp-ip-reference-model-300x240.png 300w, https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tcp-ip-reference-model-768x613.png 768w, https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tcp-ip-reference-model-390x311.png 390w, https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tcp-ip-reference-model-820x655.png 820w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 874px) 100vw, 874px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"TextHeading\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"hddn\">\n<h2 id=\"layer-1-host-to-network-layer\" class=\"color-green\">Layer 1: Host-to-network Layer<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Content\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"hddn\">\n<ul>\n<li>Lowest layer of the all.<\/li>\n<li>Protocol is used to connect to the host, so that the packets can be sent over it. Varies from host to host and network to network.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"TextHeading\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"hddn\">\n<h2 id=\"layer-2-internet-layer\" class=\"color-green\">Layer 2: Internet Layer<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Content\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"hddn\">\n<ul>\n<li>Selection of a packet switching network which is based on a connectionless internetwork layer is called a internet layer. This layer which holds the whole architecture together.<\/li>\n<li>It helps the packet to travel independently to the destination.<\/li>\n<li>Order in which packets are received is different from the way they are sent.<\/li>\n<li>IP (Internet Protocol) is used in this layer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subheading\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 id=\"the-various-functions-performed-by-the-internet-layer-are\">The various functions performed by the Internet Layer are<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Content\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"hddn\">\n<ul>\n<li>Delivering IP packets.<\/li>\n<li>Performing\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikitechy.com\/interview-questions\/networking\/what-is-routing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">routing<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Avoiding congestion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"TextHeading\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"hddn\">\n<h2 id=\"layer-3-transport-layer\" class=\"color-green\">Layer 3: Transport Layer<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Content\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"hddn\">\n<ul>\n<li>It decides if data transmission should be on parallel path or single path.<\/li>\n<li>Functions such as multiplexing, segmenting or splitting on the data is done by transport layer.<\/li>\n<li>The applications can read and write to the transport layer.<\/li>\n<li>Transport layer adds header information to the data.<\/li>\n<li>Transport layer breaks the message (data) into small units so that they are handled more efficiently by the network layer.<\/li>\n<li>Transport layer also arrange the packets to be sent, in sequence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"TextHeading\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"hddn\">\n<h2 id=\"layer-4-application-layer\" class=\"color-green\">Layer 4: Application Layer<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Content\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"hddn\">\n<ul>\n<li>The TCP\/IP specifications described a lot of applications that were at the top of the protocol stack. Some of them were\u00a0<b>TELNET, FTP, SMTP, DNS<\/b>\u00a0etc.\n<ul>\n<li><b>TELNET<\/b>\u00a0is a two-way communication protocol which allows connecting to a remote machine and run applications on it.<\/li>\n<li><b>FTP (File Transfer Protocol)<\/b>\u00a0is a protocol, that allows File transfer amongst computer users connected over a network. It is reliable, simple and efficient.<\/li>\n<li><b>SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol)<\/b>\u00a0is a protocol, which is used to transport electronic mail between a source and destination, directed via a route.<\/li>\n<li><b>DNS (Domain Name Server)<\/b>\u00a0resolves an IP address into a textual address for Hosts connected over a network.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>It allows peer entities to carry conversation.<\/li>\n<li>It defines two end-to-end protocols :\u00a0<b class=\"color-pink\">TCP and UDP<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) :\u00a0<\/b>It is a reliable connection-oriented protocol which handles byte-stream from source to destination without error and flow control.<\/li>\n<li><b>UDP (User-Datagram Protocol) :\u00a0<\/b>It is an unreliable connection-less protocol that do not want TCPs, sequencing and flow control. For Example One-shot request-reply kind of service.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"TextHeading\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"hddn\">\n<h2 id=\"advantages-of-tcp-ip-model\" class=\"color-purple\">Advantages of TCP\/IP model<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Content\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"hddn\">\n<ul>\n<li>It operated independently.<\/li>\n<li>It is scalable.<\/li>\n<li>Client\/server architecture.<\/li>\n<li>Supports a number of routing protocols.<\/li>\n<li>Can be used to establish a connection between two computers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"TextHeading\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"hddn\">\n<h2 id=\"disadvantages-of-tcp-ip-model\" class=\"color-purple\">Disadvantages of TCP\/IP Model<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Content\">\n<div class=\"hddn\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">In this layer does not guarantee delivery of packets.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">The model cannot be used in any other application.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Replacing protocol is not easy.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">It has not clearly separated its services, interfaces and protocols.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Answer : TCP\/IP means Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4590],"tags":[195,201,4609,360,221,203,199,363,4606,205,5357,5376,5378,5383,222,5380,362,196,212,213,710,5360,207,4605,366,204,5359,4878,5373,5353,5381,217,15929,288,367,483,206,5384,5374,4608,5352,5355,5351,5386,5356,5366,5358,5368,5363,5361,5364,5362,5354,5367,5375,5379,5372,5371,5370,5385,5350,200,5369,197,4607,5365,5382,5377],"class_list":["post-792","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-networking","tag-accenture-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-allstate-solutions-pvt-ltd-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-applied-mate-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-atos-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-bharti-airtel-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-capgemini-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-casting-networks-india-pvt-limited-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-ciena-corporation-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-css-corp-pvt-ltd-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-dell-international-services-india-pvt-ltd-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-difference-between-osi-and-tcp-ip","tag-difference-between-osi-and-tcp-ip-model","tag-dod-model-vs-tcp-ip-model","tag-explain-in-brief-osi-tcp-model","tag-flipkart-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-fundamentals-of-osi-and-tcp-ip-model","tag-hcl-technologies-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-ibm-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-indecomm-global-services-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-infosys-technologies-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-mavenir-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-modele-tcp-ip","tag-mphasis-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-ncr-corporation-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-netapp-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-oracle-corporation-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-osi-and-tcp-ip-model","tag-osi-model-layers","tag-osi-reference-model","tag-osi-tcp-ip","tag-osi-tcp-ip-layers-and-protocols","tag-peoplestrong-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-polaris-financial-technology-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-r-systems-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-rbs-india-development-centre-pvt-ltd-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-reliance-industries-ltd-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-sap-labs-india-pvt-ltd-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-similarities-and-difference-between-tcp-and-osi-model","tag-similarities-between-osi-and-tcp-ip-model","tag-tata-communications-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-tcp-ip","tag-tcp-ip-layers","tag-tcp-ip-model","tag-tcp-ip-model-chart","tag-tcp-ip-model-layers","tag-tcp-ip-networking","tag-tcp-ip-osi-model","tag-tcp-ip-packet","tag-tcp-ip-protocol","tag-tcp-ip-protocol-layers","tag-tcp-ip-protocol-suite","tag-tcp-ip-reference-model","tag-tcp-ip-stack","tag-tcp-ip-transport-layer","tag-tcp-ip-vs-osi-which-is-better","tag-tcp-ip-and-osi-model-explained","tag-tcp-ip-layers-and-their-functions","tag-tcp-ip-model-5-layers","tag-tcp-ip-model-vs-osi-model","tag-tcp-ip-reference-model-tutorialspoint","tag-tcpip","tag-tech-mahindra-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-understanding-tcp-ip","tag-unitedhealth-group-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-virtela-interview-questions-and-answers","tag-what-is-tcp-ip","tag-why-are-the-osi-and-tcp-ip-network-models-important-in-networking","tag-why-tcp-ip-is-used-instead-of-osi"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - 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