Node.js Callbacks Concept - node js - node js tutorial
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What is Callback in Node.js?
- Callback is an asynchronous equivalent for a function.
- A callback function is called at the completion of a given task.
- Node makes heavy use of callbacks.
- All the APIs of Node are written in such a way that they support callbacks.
- The main event loop uses a single thread to handle multiple concurrent connections, which makes the overhead of Node.JS grow relatively slowly as the number of requests it has to serve increases as there’s no OS thread / process initialization overhead;
- All long-running tasks (network I/O, data access, etc…) are always executed asynchronously on top of worker threads which return the results via callback to the event loop thread; and
- JavaScript’s language features (functions as objects, closures, etc…) and Node’s programming model make this type of asynchronous / concurrent programming much easier to utilize – there’s no thread management, no synchronization mechanisms, and no message-passing nonsense. This eliminates a lot of pitfalls that most developers fall into when attempting to develop concurrent applications.
- When a function start reading file, it returns the control to execution environment immediately so that the next instruction can be executed.
- In Node.js, once file I/O is complete, it will call the callback function. So there is no blocking or wait for File I/O. This makes Node.js highly scalable, as it can process high number of request without waiting for any function to return result.
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Three major advantages of Nodejs model
Simple scenario - nodejs example :
Blocking Code Example
Learn Node js - node js Tutorial - process of node js callback concept - - node - Node js Examples
- Create a text file named input.txt with the following content
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- Create a js file named main.js with the following code
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main.js
var fs = require("fs");
var data = fs.readFileSync('input.txt');
console.log(data.toString());
console.log("Program Ended");
- Now run the main.js to see the result
$ node main.js
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Output:
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Program Ended
Non-Blocking Code Example
- Create a text file named input.txt with the following content.
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- Update main.js to have the following code
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main.js
var fs = require("fs");
fs.readFile('input.txt', function (err, data) {
if (err) return console.error(err);
console.log(data.toString());
});
console.log("Program Ended");
- Now run the main.js to see the result
$ node main.js
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Output:
Program Ended
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These two examples explain the concept of blocking and non-blocking calls.
- The first example shows that the program blocks until it reads the file and then only it proceeds to end the program.
- The second example shows that the program does not wait for file reading and proceeds to print "Program Ended" and at the same time, the program without blocking continues reading the file.
- A blocking program executes very much in sequence.
- From the programming point of view, it is easier to implement the logic but non-blocking programs do not execute in sequence.
- In case a program needs to use any data to be processed, it should be kept within the same block to make it sequential execution.