• SQL string functions are used primarily for string manipulation.

• In this, we cover common string functions seen in SQL.
• Different RDBMS may employ different string functions, and there may also be differences in the syntax for each RDBMS even when the function call is the same.
• All such differences are explained in each section.
• Please note that we do not list all possible SQL string functions in this tutorial.
• Rather, the most commonly used ones are covered.

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SQL String Functions

Function	Description
CAST	Converts data from one data type to another.
CONVERT	Converts data from one data type to another.
CONCATENATE	Combines the results of several columns together.
SUBSTRING	Returns a portion of a string.
INSTR	Finds the starting location of a pattern in a string.
TRIM	Removes specified prefix or suffix from a string. The most common pattern being removed is white space.
LENGTH	Returns the length of a string.
REPLACE	Updates the content of a string.
TO_DATE	Converts a string to a date.

Function	Description
ASCII	Returns the number code that represents the specific character
CHAR	Returns the character based on the number code
CHARINDEX	Returns the location of a substring in a string
CONCAT	Concatenates two or more strings together
Concat with +	Concatenates two or more strings together
DATALENGTH	Returns the length of an expression (in bytes)
LEFT	Extracts a substring from a string (starting from left)
LEN	Returns the length of the specified string
LOWER	Converts a string to lower-case
LTRIM	Removes leading spaces from a string
NCHAR	Returns the Unicode character based on the number code
PATINDEX	Returns the location of a pattern in a string
REPLACE	Replaces a sequence of characters in a string with another set of characters
RIGHT	Extracts a substring from a string (starting from right)
RTRIM	Removes trailing spaces from a string
SPACE	Returns a string with a specified number of spaces
STR	Returns a string representation of a number
STUFF	Deletes a sequence of characters from a string and then inserts another sequence of characters into the string, starting at a specified position
SUBSTRING	Extracts a substring from a string
UPPER	Converts a string to upper-case

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