• Magic code is used to describe the code which handles the critical task without showing the complexity to present a simple interface.
• Some special characters is called magic code, as single quote( ‘ ), double quote (“), amperson (&) etc. It’s useful for beginner programmer.

• Error handling is the process of catching errors elevated from program and then taking correct action. If you would handle errors then the most common error checking methods given in PHP.
  • die() function
  • Custom errors and error triggers
  • Error reporting

• To write the PHP program you should check all possible error condition before checking and take appropriate action when required.
• The following example without having /tmp/test.xt file and with this file.

<?php
   if(!file_exists("/tmp/test.txt")) {
      die("File not found");
   }else {
      $file = fopen("/tmp/test.txt","r");
      print "Opend file sucessfully";
   }
   // Test of the code here.
?>

• We can write own function to handling any error. PHP provides a framework to define error handling function.
• This function must be able to handle a minimum of two parameters (error level and error message) but can accept up to five parameters (optionally: file, line-number, and the error context)

• These error report levels are the different types of error the user-defined error handler can be used.
• The errors are .E_ERROR, E_WARNING, E_PARSE, E_NOTICE, E_CORE_ERROR, E_CORE_WARNING, E_USER_ERROR, E_USER_WARNING, E_USER_NOTICE, E_STRICT, E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR, E_ALL
• These all errors handle to using set_error_handler function.

• We add a counter in that page.
• When a page load that counter value will increase.
• For storing its previous value we can use session, database etc.

• Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA) is the most ideal approach to be brilliant about composition and distributing your business content.
• DITA is an open standard that portrays the engineering for making and overseeing data that isolates the substance from the arranging, takes into account a progressively streamlined substance creation process, and opens up the potential outcomes of acquainting less difficult methods for distributing with new advancements, as for cell phones. IBM, which created DITA initially, characterizes DITA as pursues:
• The Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA) is a XML-based, end-to-end design for composing, creating, and conveying specialized data.
• This engineering comprises of a lot of structure standards for making “data composed” modules at a subject dimension and for utilizing that content in conveyance modes, for example, online help and item bolster entryways on the Web.

• The information put away in your documentation has esteem.
• What’s more, whatever has an incentive to the association can be treated as an advantage. Making and afterward leaving that data inside a Word or PowerPoint record seriously constrains what you can do with it, and whatever you can do, you need to utilize manual, kludge approaches to do it.
• Making records with conventional instruments in static documents is a wasteful method for composing, refreshing, sharing, and dealing with your data.
• DITA is a general methodology that illuminates that wastefulness.
• DITA emphatically influences your substance in three principle ways;
• It streamlines your substance creation process expands the nature of your substance by institutionalizing it enables you to use your substance in a wide range of ways (reusing it, distributing to numerous configurations, deciphering it effectively)
• Despite the fact that there are numerous advantages to DITA, everything comes down to a certain something: being proficient with your substance so you can spare time and cash.

• DITA is certainly not a specific device. A wide range of apparatuses enable you to creator in DITA. Truth be told, choosing your instrument set is a piece of the procedure of DITA selection.
• DITA isn’t a layout, in spite of the fact that writers regularly use formats to make it considerably quicker and less demanding to compose.
• DITA isn’t a style direct, despite the fact that creators surely advantage from one, with or without DITA content.

• Try not to give the XML a chance to part of DITA alarm you.
• It’s simply the engineering underneath your substance. Each bit of substance gets put away inside labels-titles, sections, requested records-whatever you have to arrange your substance into a characterized set of theme types.
• DITA has a lot of guidelines that state what labels are permitted where, which gives you institutionalization of your substance.
• DITA XML at last completes three things.
• DITA XML composes your substance into points.
• Not all XML does this, but rather DITA has a center arrangement of theme types so you can put the correct kind of data in the correct subject sort, bringing about exceptionally usable substance.
• Consider subjects and even the XML inside themes like Lego® squares. You use them in different approaches to fabricate what you require. At last, they meet up to make more than the individual parts.
• XML isolates content from configuration, making it compact and adaptable. Your words and your arrangement are never again consolidated, which implies they can be overseen and refreshed autonomously.
• For instance, if your marking changes and you have to refresh the text dimension, shading, and style in the entirety of your archives, this will be a focal, once change for any substance put away without organization (in XML).
• XML enables the substance to be changed into numerous different arrangements. A great many people creator in XML and after that distribute to PDF, HTML, and either portable or ePub.
• It’s additionally conceivable to distribute to places you wouldn’t anticipate, similar to Open Office, Excel, and PowerPoint. You’re constrained just by your creative energy.

• The page footer tab is used to present various attributes and functions.
• For instance, you can use the page footer tab to print the max value of the age field at the bottom of the page.
• The reporting engine permits these features for reporting functions.
• The Data tab in the structure pane contains a symbol fx (marked as “1”).
• It is the add function button.
• Click the button to add different functions into the report.

• Then, you will locate a dialog box with different functions segregated into different groups.
• To select the maximum age of an employee at the page footer that means Maximum function in the Summary group that is denoted as “1”. Select it and click OK.

• PDI supports combination of two tables form the same database using a ‘Table Input’ method performing the join in SQL only.
• On the other side, for joining two tables in different databases, user implement ‘Database Join’ step.
• Though in database join, each input row query executes on the target system from the main stream, ensuing in lower performance as the number of queries implement on the B increases.
• To avoid the above issues, there is an another option to merge rows form two different Table Input steps.
• We can also use ‘Merge Join ‘step, using the SQL query having ‘ORDER BY’ clause. Remember, the rows must be perfectly sorted before implementing merge join.

• The three major types of Data Integration Jobs are:

• • Transformation Jobs
  • Provisioning Jobs
  • Hybrid Jobs

• Used for preparing data and used only when there is no change in data until transforming of data job is finished.

• Used for transmission/transfer of large volumes of data. Used only when no change is data is allowed unless job transformation and on large provisioning requirement.

• Execute both transformation and provisioning jobs. No restrictions for data changes; it can be updates of success/failure. The transforming and provisioning needed are not large in this case.

• The biggest benefit is that integrating data improves consistency and reduces conflicting and erratic data from the Database.
• Integration of data allows users to fetch exactly what they look for, enabling them utilize and work with what they collected.
• Accurate data extraction facilitates flexible reporting and observing of the obtainable volumes of data.
• Helps meet deadlines for effective business management.
• Track customer’s information and buying behavior to improve traffic and conversions in the future, thus advancing your business performance.

• Pentaho Data Integration (PDI), it is also called as Kettle. Pentaho responsible for the Extract, Transform and Load (ETL) processes to the PDI component.
• Data warehouses environments are most frequently used by this ETL tools. Other purposes are also used this PDI: Migrating data between applications or databases.

• Lets create a simple transformation to convert a CSV into an XML file.
• Our Transformation has to do the following:

• • Read the CSV file.
  • Build the greetings message.
  • Save the greetings in the XML file.

• Now Start the Transformation:

• • Left workspace is the Palette, Select the Input category.

• • Drag the CSV file onto the workspace on the right.

• • Select the Scripting category.

• • Drag the Modified JavaScript Value icon to the workspace.

• • Select the Output category.

• • Drag the XML Output icon to the workspace.

• Now link the CSV file input with the Modified Java Script Value by creating a Hop:

• • Select the first Step.

• • Hold the Shift key and drag the icon onto the second Step.

• • Link the Modified Java Script Value with the XML Output via this same process.

• • Double-click on the CSV file input. The configuration window for the step will appear. The file location will be indicated, file format (e.g. delimiters, enclosure characters, etc.) and column metadata (e.g. column name, data type, etc).

• • Change the step name with one that is more representative of this Step’s function. In this case, list out type in name list.

• • For the Filename field, click Browse and select the input file.

• • Click Get Fields to add the list of column names of the input file to the grid. By default, the Step assumes that the file has headers (the Header row present checkbox is checked).

• • The grid has now the names of the columns of your file.

• • Click Preview to ensure that the file will be read as expected. The file will be appear then data showing in window. Click OK to finish.

• • Double-click on the Modified JavaScript Value.

• • The Step configuration window will appear. This is different compare to the previous Step config window in that it allows to write JavaScript code. To build the message “Hello, ” concatenated with each of the names.

• • Name this Step Greetings.

• • The main area of the configuration window is for coding. To the left, there is a tree with a set of available functions that you can use in the code. In particular, the last two branches have the input and output fields, ready to use in the code. In this example there are two fields: last_name and name. Write the following code:

• • Variable created in the code through the bottom. Variable named msg we have created. This message will be send to the output file, the variable name in the grid to write.

• • Configuring the Modified Java Script Value step on click ok to finish.

• • Select the Step you just configured. To check that the new field will leave this Step, we will now see the Input and Output Fields. Input Fields are the data columns that reach a Step. Output Fields are the data columns that leave a Step. Simply transform the input data this Steps. In this case, the input and output fields are usually the same. There are Steps, however, to the Output that add fields – Calculator, for example. Filter or combine data for other Steps that causing that the Output has less fields that the Input – Group by, for example.

• • On click-right the Step to bring up a context menu.

• • Input Fields show to select. The CSV file input Step come to the Input Fields are last_name and name.

• • Output Fields show to select. We see that not only do we have the existing fields, but also the new msg field.

• • Double-click the XML Output. This kind of step will appear while configuration in window. To set the name and location of the output file, and we want to include which of the fields that to be established. We may include all or some of the fields.

• • Name the Step File: Greetings.

• • To write in the File box:

• • Click Get Fields to fill the grid with the three input fields.

• • Save the Transformation again.

• • Click on the RUN button on the menu bar and Launch the transformation.

• • We also create a Job which may be used to schedule multiple transformations and then run it.

• Metadata model in pentaho gives an encapsulation about the physical definitions of your database into a logical representation and define relationships between them.
• These mappings are stored in a central repository and permits administrators and developers to create business-logical DB tables that are cost effective and optimized.
• It simplifies the working of business users permitting them to build formatted reports and dashboards gives security to data access.

• PDI (aka Kettle)
• Spoon
• Carte
• Pan
• Kitchen
• Encr
• Enterprise Edition (EE) Data Integration Server

• All of the tools.
• PDI / Kettle is sometimes used to mean Spoon.

• Main GUI.
• Graphical Job / Transformation designer.
• Execute Jobs / Transformations individually.
• Monitor slave servers (Carte instances).

• HTTP server for remote execution of Jobs / Transformations.
• Clusters with other Carte instances to distribute Job / Transformation execution.

• Command line execution of Transformations.

• Command line execution of Jobs.

• Command line tool for encrypting strings for storage / use by PDI.

• Data Integration Engine: Execution of Jobs / Transformations.
• Security: integrate with existing security e.g. LDAP or Active Directory.
• Scheduling and Monitoring.
• Content Management: Managed repository of jobs and transformations.

• Dashboards are the group of different information objects on single page such as tables, diagrams and textual content.
• The Pentaho AJAX API is used to remove BI information. Pentaho Solution Repository includes the content definitions.
• These dashboards provides the users a high-level understanding of how their business is performing.

• Adding dashboard to the solution.
• Defining dashboard content.
• Implementing filters.
• Editing dashboards.

• A chart is defined as graphical representation of data or otherwise called a graph.
• Pentaho Reporting Designer provides a different types of chart.
• We can move a chart using the “chart-element” option contains in the palette of Pentaho Reporting Designer.

• A data-collector to remove the charting-data from the data sources.
• A chart-expression to provides a chart from the collected data.
• A report element to show the resulting chart object.

• • Transactional Reports
  • Tactical Reports
  • Strategic Reports
  • Helper Reports

• Data to be used from transactions. Objective is to distribute detailed and inclusive data for day-to-day organization’s activities such as sales reporting, purchase orders.

• Data comes from daily or weekly transactional data summary. Objective is to present short-term information for immediate decision making are replacing merchandize.

• Data comes from standard and reliable sources to build long-term business information reports like season sales analysis.

• Data comes from various resources and involves images, videos to present a different activities.

• Pentaho Reporting evaluation is a package of its reporting activities, capabilities and tools, built for first-phase evaluation such as accessing the sample, creating and editing reports, viewing and performing different interactions.
• This evaluation are Pentaho platform elements, Report Designer and ad hoc interface for reporting used for local installation.

• The wizard used to install PDI. PDI software install by wizard, the Tomcat web application server, and PostgreSQL, which is the default database that communities the DI Repository. The DI Repository holds audit, scheduling, and solution content data.
• PDI Installation steps are same for the Windows, Linux, and Mac platforms.

• Make sure that logged into the computer then install PDI. To install software that allows while logged on with an account. On Windows, this is typically an account that has administrator privileges. On Linux, create an pentaho to log in.

• Download the correct installation wizard’s file an operating system.

• • Windows: pdi-6.0.1-x64.exe.
  • Linux: pdi-6.0.1-x64.bin.
  • Mac: pdi-6.0.1-x64.app.tar.gz.

• Using Linux, make sure that have the appropriate permission to execute the file. Open a Terminal window, navigate to the directory just download the file, then the prompt to type the following commands.

• Launch the installation wizard.

• • PDI on Windows: Open Windows Explorer and navigate to the installation file download. To launch on double-click the pdi-6.0.1-x64.exe file.
  • PDI on Mac: pdi-6.0.1-x64.app.tar.gz archive, pdi-6.0.1-x64.app on double click the file to install will start.
  • PDI on Linux and computer can display graphics: In a windows to open a Terminal and navigate to the installation file download. In the prompt type this command, and press Enter.

PDI on Linux and computer cannot display graphics: In a windows to open a Terminal and navigate to the installation file download. Enter one of these commands at the prompt, and press Enter. If GTK libraries on the system type this command and want to use the GTK Toolkit:

If do not have GTK libraries on the system type this command or if we want to use OpenMotif instead:

• The Pentaho Wizard splash screen appears, then the Welcome window. Click Next.

• License agreement to read. Then continue, to select the license agreement to accept, then Next button to click.

• When window appears the Installation Folder, do one of these things.

• Accept the default directory and click Next to continue.

• While using a different directory by entering the path in the text box or click Browse to navigate to the place where want PDI to be installed. Then click Next button to continue.

• When the PostgreSQL postgres user password window appears, type the password want to assign to the PostgreSQL database’s admin user. Wizard cannot access these type of characters in the password:

• Next button click to continue. window appears for Ready to Install. Next button click to install the software.

• Window appears the Generating Evaluation Licenses as evaluation licenses are installed. If they are not able to install, since the evaluation licenses were not installed in a window appears to shows.

• Window appears the Installation in Progress. Make sure the software installs completely before moving on to the next step.

• Window appears to show the Installation Complete. To view Spoon by to click the Open Pentaho Data Integration. Then to click Finish.

• Launched spoon.

• Trouble occur when to the installer, to check the documentation.

• To verify the installation the following steps:

• Open a file explorer window like Windows Explorer or a Command Prompt or Terminal windows.

• Navigate to the directory where to installed PDI, then compare this directory structure

pentaho/	

	pentaho/design-tools/	

	pentaho/design-tools/data-integration/	

	pentaho/documentation/	

	pentaho/java/	

	pentaho/jdbc-distribution	

	pentaho/license-installer/	

	pentaho/licenses/	

	pentaho/monetdb/	

	pentaho/postgresql/	

	pentaho/scripts/	

	pentaho/server/	

	pentaho/server/data-integration-server/	

	pentaho/server/data-integration-server/logs/	

	pentaho/server/data-integration-server/pentaho-solutions/	

	pentaho/server/data-integration-server/scripts/	

	pentaho/server/data-integration-server/tomcat/	

• Open the installation-summary.txt file. Installed are listed plugins and design tools.

• Directories and location of files to review:

• Top-level files /pentaho directory:

• • ctlscript.sh: The status of pentaho services are starts, stops, restarts, and shows. Available on Linux only.
  • installation-summary.txt: In the summary contains the information screen installation process to be end.
  • uninstall: Remove what are they install.

• Specific programs of locations :

• • DI Server: /pentaho/server/data-integration-server/
  • Spoon: /pentaho/design-tools/data-integration/
  • License Installer: /pentaho/license-installer/

• Logs of Location:

• • DI Server Logs: pentaho/server/data-integration-server/logs/
  • Tomcat Logs for DI Server: pentaho/server/data-integration-server/tomcat/logs/

• JDBC drivers of location:

• • DI Server: pentaho/server/data-integration-server/tomcat/lib
  • Spoon: pentaho/design-tools/data-integration/lib/

• Port Number are default:

• • 5434: PostgreSQL Server.
  • 9080: DI Server Port.
  • 9001: HSQL Server Port.
  • 9092: Embedded H2 Database.
  • 50000 or 50006: Monet Database Port.

• Pentaho to be uninstall the following steps:

• Pentaho directory to navigate, and run the uninstall file.

• Wizard is launched to uninstall.

• Delete data files are indicates in the prompted.

• Then restart the computer.