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What are the layers of OSI ?

There are seven Layers in Open Systems Interconnection Model.They are:

What are the layers of OSI

Layer 1 : The Physical layer

  • This layer conveys the bit stream across the network either electrically, mechanically or through radio waves.
  • The physical layer covers a variety of devices and mediums, among them cabling, connectors, receivers, transceivers and repeaters.
  • This layer sets up links across the physical network, putting packets into network frames.
  • This layer has two sub-layers: the logical link control layer and the media access control layer (MAC). MAC layer types include Ethernet and 802.11 wireless specifications.

Layer 3 : The Network layer

  • This layer handles addressing and routing the data — sending it in the right direction to the right destination on outgoing transmissions and receiving incoming transmissions at the packet level. IP is the network layer for the internet.

Layer 4 : The Transport layer

  • This layer manages packetization of data, then the delivery of the packets, including checking for errors in the data once it arrives.
  • On the internet, TCP and UDP provide these services for most applications as well.

Layer 5 : The Session layer

  • This layer sets up, coordinates and terminates conversations. Its services include authentication and reconnection after an interruption. On the internet, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) provide these services for most applications.

Layer 6 : The Presentation layer

  • This layer is usually part of an operating system (OS) and converts incoming and outgoing data from one presentation form to another.

Layer 7 : The Application layer

  • This is the layer at which communication partners are identified ,network capacity is assessed and where the data or application is presented in a visual form.
  • This layer is not the application itself, it is the set of services an application should be able to make use of directly, although some applications may perform application-layer functions.
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