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Structure And Function in C++

  • Structure is a collection of variables under a single variable.
  • Structure variables can be passed to a function and returned in a similar way as normal argument.
  • A function is a group of statements that together perform a task.
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    learn c++ tutorials - structure and functions Example

  • Every C++ program has at least one function, which is main(), and all the most trivial programs can define additional functions. You can divide up your code into separate functions.
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Passing structure to function in C++

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  • A structure variable can be passed to a function in similar way as normal argument.
  • When an element of a structure is passed to a function, you are actually passing the values of that element to the function. Therefore, it is just like passing a simple variable (unless, of course, that element is complex such as an array of character). Consider this example:

Example 1: C++ Structure and Function

#include <iostream> 
using namespace std;

struct Person
{
    char name[50];
    int age;
    float salary;
};

void displayData(Person);   // Function declaration

int main()
{
    Person p;

    cout << "Enter Full name: ";
    cin.get(p.name, 50);
    cout << "Enter age: ";
    cin >> p.age;
    cout << "Enter salary: ";
    cin >> p.salary;

    // Function call with structure variable as an argument
    displayData(p);

    return 0;
}

void displayData(Person p)
{
    cout << "\nDisplaying Information." << endl;
    cout << "Name: " << p.name << endl;
    cout <<"Age: " << p.age << endl;
    cout << "Salary: " << p.salary;
}

Output

Enter Full name: Bill Jobs
Enter age: 55
Enter salary: 34233.4 

Displaying Information. 
Name: Bill Jobs
Age: 55
Salary: 34233.4
  • In this program, user is asked to enter the name, age and salary of a Person inside main() function.
  • Then, the structure variable p is to passed to a function using.
displayData(p);
  • The return type of displayData() is void and a single argument of type structure Person is passed.
  • Then the members of structure p are displayed from this function.

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