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python tutorial - Bitwise Operators | Logical and Bitwise Not Operators on Boolean - learn python - python programming



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Most of the languages including C, C++, Java and Python provide the boolean type that can be either set to False or True.

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Consider below programs that use Logical Not (or !) operator on boolean.


python - Sample - python code :

# A Python program that uses Logical Not or ! on boolean
a = not True
b = not False
print a
print b
# Output: False
#         True
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The outputs of above programs are as expected, but the outputs following programs may not be as expected if we have not used Bitwise Not (or ~) operator before.

python - Sample - python code :

# A Python program that uses Bitwise Not or ~ on boolean
a = True
b = False
print ~a
print ~b

python programming - Output :

-2
-1
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Reason: The bitwise not operator ~ returns the complement of a number i.e., it switches each 1 to 0 and each 0 to 1. Booleans True and False have values 1 and 0 respectively.

˜being the bitwise not operator,

  • The expression “˜True” returns bitwise inverse of 1.
  • The expression “˜False” returns bitwise inverse of 0.
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Java doesn’t allow ~ operator to be applied on boolean values. For example, the below program produces compiler error.

python - Sample - python code :

// A Java program that uses Bitwise Not or ~ on boolean
import java.io.*;
 
class GFG
{
    public static void main (String[] args)
    {
        boolean a = true, b = false;
        System.out.println(~a);
        System.out.println(~b);
    }
}

python programming - Output :

6: error: bad operand type boolean for unary operator '~'
		System.out.println(~a);
		                   ^
7: error: bad operand type boolean for unary operator '~'
		System.out.println(~b);
		                   ^
2 errors

Conclusion:
“Logical not or !” is meant for boolean values and “bitwise not or ~” is for integers. Languages like C/C++ and python do auto promotion of boolean to integer type when an integer operator is applied. But Java doesn’t do it.


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