python tutorial - Python Version - learn python - python programming
Version 1
- Python reached version 1.0 in January 1994. The major new features included in this release were the functional programming tools lambda Lambda_calculus, map, filter and reduce .
- Van Rossum stated that Python acquired lambda, reduce(), filter() and map(), courtesy of Lisp hacker who missed them and submitted working patches.
- The last version released while Van Rossum was at CWI was Python 1.2. In 1995, Van Rossum continued his work on Python at the Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI) in Reston , Virginia whence he released several versions.
- By version 1.4, Python had acquired several new features.
- Notable among these are the Modula-3 inspired keyword arguments (which are also similar to Common Lisp's keyword arguments) and built-in support for complex numbers.
- A tuple containing the five components of the version number: major, minor, micro, release level, and serial.
- All values except release level are integers; the release level is 'alpha', 'beta', 'candidate', or 'final'.
- The version_ info value corresponding to the Python version 2.0 is (2, 0, 0, 'final', 0).
- The components can also be accessed by name, so sys. version _info[0] is equivalent to sys. version_ info. major and so on.
Version 2
- python 2.0 introduced list comprehensions , a feature borrowed from the functional programming languages SETL and Haskell.
- Python's syntax for this construct is very similar to Haskell's, apart from Haskell's preference for punctuation characters and Python's preference for alphabetic keywords.
- Python 2.0 also introduced a garbage collection system capable of collecting reference cycles.
- Python 2.1 was close to Python 1.6.1, as well as Python 2.0.
- Its license was renamed Python Software Foundation License.
- All code, documentation and specifications added, from the time of Python 2.1's alpha release on, is owned by the Python Software Foundation (PSF), a non-profit organization formed in 2001, modeled after the Apache Software Foundation.
- The release included a change to the language specification to support nested scopes, like other statically scoped statically scoped languages.
- The feature was turned off by default, and not required, until Python 2.2.
- python 2.0 introduced list comprehensions, a feature borrowed from the functional programming languages SETL and Haskell.
- Python's syntax for this construct is very similar to Haskell's, apart from Haskell's preference for punctuation characters and Python's preference for alphabetic keywords.
- Python 2.0 also introduced a garbage collection system capable of collecting reference cycles.
- Python 2.1 was close to Python 1.6.1, as well as Python 2.0.
- Its license was renamed Python Software Foundation License .
- All code, documentation and specifications added, from the time of Python 2.1's alpha release on, is owned by the Python Software Foundation (PSF), a non-profit organization formed in 2001, modeled after the Apache Software Foundation .
- The release included a change to the language specification to support nested scopes, like other statically scoped languages.
- The feature was turned off by default, and not required, until Python 2.2.
Version 3
- Python 3.0 also called "Python 3000" or "Py3K" was released on December 3, 2008.
- It was designed to rectify certain fundamental design flaws in the language the changes required could not be implemented while retaining full backwards compatibility with the 2.x series, which necessitated a new major version number.
- The guiding principle of Python 3 was: "reduce feature duplication by removing old ways of doing things".
- Python 3.0 was developed with the same philosophy as in prior versions.
- However, as Python had accumulated new and redundant ways to program the same task, Python 3.0 had an emphasis on removing duplicative constructs and modules, in keeping with "There should be one and preferably only one obvious way to do it".
Release dates for the major and minor versions:
| Python Version | Released Date |
|---|---|
| Python 1.0 | January 1994 |
| Python 1.5 | December 31, 1997 |
| Python 1.6 | September 5, 2000 |
| Python 2.0 | October 16, 2000 |
| Python 2.1 | April 17, 2001 |
| Python 2.2 | December 21, 2001 |
| Python 2.3 | July 29, 2003 |
| Python 2.4 | November 30, 2004 |
| Python 2.5 | September 19, 2006 |
| Python 2.6 | October 1, 2008 |
| Python 2.7 | July 3, 2010 |
| Python 3.0 | December 3, 2008 |
| Python 3.1 | June 27, 2009 |
| Python 3.2 | February 20, 2011 |
| Python 3.3 | September 29, 2012 |
| Python 3.4 | March 16, 2014 |
| Python 3.5 | September 13, 2015 |
| Python 3.6 | December 23, 2016 |
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